Bohemian literature is literature of Bohemians (also known as Czechs, in Bohemian Češi or Čechové) and also literature written in Bohemia in other languages (e.g. Latin, German, Greek, Hebrew or Russian).
The Bohemian language is a western-slavonic language. Slovak and Upper-Sorabian languages (national minority in Saxonia, part of Germany) are quite similar to the Bohemian language and users of those three languages can understand each other without translation.
Bohemia is a short name for Bohemian Crown (or Bohemian Lands) which includes Bohemia proper (in Bohemian Čechy), Moravia (in B. Morava) and Bohemian part of Silesia (in B. Slezsko). Today's official English name of Bohemia is the Czech Republic.